For example, in 1933 Sigmund Feist postulated a creole origin for the Germanic languages. Linguists now recognize that creole formation is a universal phenomenon, not limited to the European colonial period, and an important aspect of language evolution. Some creoles have even been granted the status of official or semi-official languages of particular political territories. However, political and academic changes in recent decades have improved the status of creoles, both as living languages and as object of linguistic study. Because of that prejudice, many of the creoles that arose in the European colonies, having been stigmatized, have become extinct. Like most non-official and minority languages, creoles have generally been regarded in popular opinion as degenerate variants or dialects of their parent languages. Many of the creoles known today arose in the last 500 years, as a result of the worldwide expansion of European maritime power and trade in the Age of Discovery, which led to extensive European colonial empires. Moreover, no grammatical feature has been shown to be specific to creoles. However, there is no widely accepted theory that would account for those perceived similarities. Some linguists, such as Derek Bickerton, posit that creoles share more grammatical similarities with each other than with the languages from which they are phylogenetically derived. The pidgin-creole life cycle was studied by American linguist Robert Hall in the 1960s.
On the other hand, the grammar that has evolved often has new or unique features that differ substantially from those of the parent languages. However, there are often clear phonetic and semantic shifts. The lexicon of a creole language is largely supplied by the parent languages, particularly that of the most dominant group in the social context of the creole's construction. In addition to creoles that have European languages as their base, there are, for example, creoles based on Arabic, Chinese, and Malay. With the improvements in ship-building and navigation, traders had to learn to communicate with people around the world, and the quickest way to do this was to develop a pidgin, or simplified language suited to the purpose in turn, full creole languages developed from these pidgins.
These are predominantly based on European languages such as English and French due to the European Age of Discovery and the Atlantic slave trade that arose at that time. About one hundred creole languages have arisen since 1500. The precise number of creole languages is not known, particularly as many are poorly attested or documented. Someone who engages in this study is called a creolist.
Creolistics, or creology, is the study of creole languages and, as such, is a subfield of linguistics. These three features distinguish a creole language from a pidgin. Like any language, creoles are characterized by a consistent system of grammar, possess large stable vocabularies, and are acquired by children as their native language. While the concept is similar to that of a mixed or hybrid language, creoles are often characterized by a tendency to systematize their inherited grammar (e.g., by eliminating irregularities or regularizing the conjugation of otherwise irregular verbs). A Guadeloupe Creole sign stating Lévé pié aw / Ni ti moun ka joué la!, meaning "Slow down / Children are playing here!" Ī creole language, or simply creole, is a stable natural language that develops from the simplifying and mixing of different languages into a new one within a fairly brief period of time: often, a pidgin evolved into a full-fledged language.
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